Network baseline and encrypted traffic classification technology based on deep learning
Online published: 2024-07-08
Copyright
As network communication technology was continuously updated and services were constantly expanded and strengthened, along with the increasing number of internet devices, applications and services, network management became more complex and challenging. At the same time, the occurrence of network security incidents also became more frequent. The feature distribution under normal network conditions usually differed significantly from that under abnormal conditions, thus constructing a security traffic baseline could detect network anomalies. The baseline models at that time mostly relied on manually designed rules, which had high rates of false negatives and false positives. This paper introduced Deep learning technology was introduced, a dynamic baseline construction method based on LSTM was proposed, which also integrated traffic features from three dimensions. Moreover, because abnormal access and attacks were usually encrypted for transmission by adversaries, to ensure the safe operation of the system, it was necessary to classify encrypted traffic with fine granularity and filter out normal access application service traffic. Therefore, a deep learning-based encrypted traffic classification technology was proposed that could achieve fine-grained classification of encrypted traffic by mining deep representations of traffic features.
HE Erlu , WU Xiangbo , LIU Lizhe , GUO Xiaobo , YANG Xiaopeng , LI Hao . Network baseline and encrypted traffic classification technology based on deep learning[J]. Journal of Cybersecurity, 2024 , 2(2) : 76 -85 . DOI: 10.20172/j.issn.2097-3136.240207
图 3 基于深度学习的加密流量分类模型结构Fig.3 Structure of encryption traffic classification model based on deep learning |
表 1 一维卷积神经网络卷积结构及其参数Table 1 Convolution structure and parameters of one-dimensional convolutional neural networks |
| 卷积层数 | 卷积核尺寸 | 输出维度 | 步长 |
| Conv1D C1 | 5 | 200 | 1 |
| Conv1D C2 | 5 | 200 | 1 |
| Conv1D C3 | 5 | 150 | 1 |
| Conv1D C4 | 5 | 150 | 1 |
| Conv1D C5 | 5 | 150 | 1 |
| Conv1D C6 | 5 | 100 | 1 |
| Conv1D C7 | 5 | 100 | 1 |
表 2 各模型分类评估结果对比Table 2 Comparison of classification evaluation results of each model |
| 模型 | Accuracy | Precision | Recall | F1 |
| SVM | 0.79 | 0.84 | 0.83 | 0.83 |
| KNN | 0.83 | 0.86 | 0.85 | 0.85 |
| MLP | 0.73 | 0.90 | 0.80 | 0.85 |
| RBF | 0.91 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.92 |
| ID-CNN | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.97 | 0.94 |
表 3 ISCX VPN-nonVPN数据集的分类测试结果Table 3 Classification test results of the ISCX VPN-nonVPN dataset |
| 序号 | 标签 | Precision | Recall | F1 |
| 1 | Chat | 0.71 | 0.81 | 0.76 |
| 2 | 0.69 | 0.98 | 0.81 | |
| 3 | File Transfer | 0.99 | 0.95 | 0.97 |
| 4 | Streaming | 0.97 | 0.98 | 0.97 |
| 5 | VoIP | 0.99 | 0.87 | 0.93 |
| 6 | VPN: Chat | 0.73 | 0.99 | 0.84 |
| 7 | VPN: File Transfer | 0.93 | 0.98 | 0.95 |
| 8 | VPN: E-mail | 0.78 | 0.99 | 0.87 |
| 9 | VPN: Streaming | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 |
| 10 | VPN: Torrent | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 |
| 11 | VPN: VoIP | 0.96 | 0.98 | 0.97 |
| Accuracy | 0.92 | |||
表 4 ISCX Tor-nonTor数据集的分类测试结果Table 4 Classification test results of ISCX Tor-nonTor dataset |
| 序号 | 标签 | Precision | Recall | F1 |
| 1 | Chat | 0.78 | 0.95 | 0.86 |
| 2 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.98 | |
| 3 | File Transfer | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 |
| 4 | Streaming | 0.98 | 0.93 | 0.95 |
| 5 | VoIP | 0.99 | 0.94 | 0.96 |
| 6 | P2P | 0.99 | 0.98 | 0.98 |
| 7 | Web Browsing | 0.80 | 0.91 | 0.85 |
| 8 | Tor: Chat | 0.81 | 0.99 | 0.89 |
| 9 | Tor: E-mail | 0.95 | 0.99 | 0.97 |
| 10 | Tor: File Transfer | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 |
| 11 | Tor: Streaming | 0.99 | 0.97 | 0.98 |
| 12 | Tor: VoIP | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 |
| 13 | Tor: P2P | 0.99 | 0.98 | 0.98 |
| 14 | Tor: Web Browsing | 0.98 | 0.99 | 0.98 |
| Accuracy | 0.98 | |||
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