A LLMs-based method for threat intelligence information extraction
Online published: 2024-07-08
Copyright
In the context of escalating cybersecurity confrontations, the effective extraction and utilization of threat intelligence were imperative for the enhancement of network security defense strategies. Due to the limitations of traditional information extraction methods in training data construction and model generalization, a framework for extracting threat intelligence entities and relationships based on Large Language Models (LLMs) was proposed. Leveraging LLMs profound semantic comprehension, the framework employed prompt engineering to precisely identify threat entities and their connections, complemented by LangChain for broader extraction coverage. Moreover, integrating search engines enhanced the timeliness and accuracy of intelligence mining. Experimental results demonstrated the framework’ s exceptional performance in few-sample or zero-sample scenarios, significantly reducing misinformation and enabling efficient, real-time intelligence extraction. In general, a flexible and efficient intelligent mining method for threat intelligence is introduced, the knowledge fusion process of threat intelligence is optimized, the proactivity and sophistication of network defense are enhanced.
MA Bingqi , ZHOU Yinghai , WANG Ziyu , TIAN Zhihong . A LLMs-based method for threat intelligence information extraction[J]. Journal of Cybersecurity, 2024 , 2(2) : 36 -46 . DOI: 10.20172/j.issn.2097-3136.240203
表 1 8种威胁实体模型Table 1 Eight types of threat entitiy models |
| 威胁实体模型 | 定义 | 示例 |
| 攻击者 | 发起网络攻击的 个人、团队或组织 | APT29威胁组织 |
| 攻击模式 | 攻击者采用的 具体技术或方法 | 钓鱼攻击 |
| 身份 | 涉及网络安全事件中 可识别的个体或实体 | 受害企业的名称 |
| 指标 | 标识或暗示网络安全事件的 特定迹象或证据 | IP地址 文件哈希值 |
| 恶意软件 | 指用于执行恶意活动的软件 | 勒索软件 “WannaCry” |
| 工具 | 攻击者用于实施攻击的合法的 软件或硬件工具 | 键盘记录器 |
| 位置 | 涉及网络安全事件的 地理位置信息 | 攻击发起地 受害者所在地 |
| 漏洞 | 系统、网络或软件 中的安全缺陷 | CVE-2024-21412 |
表 2 8种关系类型Table 2 Eight types of relationship |
| 关系类型 | 定义 | 起始实体类型 |
| 归因于 | 一个特定的攻击者或组织归因于某个具体的实体 | <Attacker, Identity > |
| 使用 | 描述了攻击者在其攻击活动中使用的具体工具或方法 | <Attacker, Attack Pattern> <Attacker, Malware> <Attacker, Tool> < Malware, Attack Pattern> |
| 冒充 | 攻击者在攻击过程中冒充另一个实体,如个人、组织或服务 | <Attacker, Identity> |
| 针对 | 指出攻击者的攻击目标,可以是个人、组织、地理位置等 | <Attacker, Location> <Attacker, Identity> |
| 指示 | 描述了指标与特定威胁实体(如攻击者、恶意软件或使用工具)之间的关联 | <Indicator, Attacker> <Indicator, Malware> <Indicator, Tool> |
| 位于 | 表明某个攻击者或实体与特定地理位置的关联 | <Attacker, Location> < Identity, Location> |
| 利用 | 攻击者或者某个恶意软件利用某个漏洞来实施攻击的行为 | <Attacker, Vulnerability> < Malware, Vulnerability> |
| 由...开发 | 指明某个恶意软件是由哪个攻击者开发的 | <Malware, Attacker> |
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