Distributed anonymous authentication and key negotiation protocol supporting dual-blockchain cooperative computing for intelligent vehicular networks
Online published: 2026-05-29
Copyright
As an important component of intelligent transportation systems, intelligent vehicular networks (V2X) enable information exchange between smart vehicles and roadside base stations through wireless networks. In high-speed mobile communication scenarios, traditional authentication mechanisms are prone to security attacks and high latency. V2X urgently require secure and reliable authentication mechanisms that can adapt to large-scale real-time communication scenarios. This paper proposes a distributed anonymous authentication and key negotiation protocol for intelligent V2X supporting dual-blockchain collaborative computing. It achieves threshold cooperative authentication among multiple roadside base stations through secret sharing technology, avoiding the risk of single points of failure brought by the authentication mechanism. The protocol utilizes a dual-blockchain hierarchical structure and smart contract-driven approach to achieve high-throughput secure communication. It combines cuckoo filter technology to realize rapid retrieval of public key fingerprints of intelligent vehicles, and achieves anonymous identity traceability and privacy protection of intelligent vehicles. Performance comparisons and analysis demonstrate that the protocol has lightweight advantages in terms of authentication delay, computational overhead, and communication overhead, making it suitable for dynamic, cross-regional distributed intelligent vehicle systems.
Zhang Xiaojun , Tang Junli , Wang Zhouyang , Zhao Jie . Distributed anonymous authentication and key negotiation protocol supporting dual-blockchain cooperative computing for intelligent vehicular networks[J]. Journal of Cybersecurity, 2026 , 4(2) : 75 -89 . DOI: 10.20172/j.issn.2097-3136.260406
| 算法1 公钥注册函数 |
| Input: Output: 1:if 2:初始化一个具有特定表大小和最大踢出次数的布谷鸟过滤器 3: 4:end if 5:if 6:交易发送者的身份必须是RBC链上合法的RSU 7: for each 8: 调用布谷鸟过滤器的插入函数 9: 10: end for 11: return true 12: else 13: return false 14:end if |
| 算法2 公钥验证函数 |
| Input: Output: 1:查询车辆公钥 2:if 3: return true 4:else 5: return false 6:end if |
| 算法3 MBC PoP共识机制算法 |
| 1:while 2: 3: if 4: 5: 6: 广播 7: 8: RSU收集 9: RSU将 10: end 11:end |
表 1 不同攻击类型的追溯延迟分析Table 1 Analysis of traceback delay for different attack types |
| 攻击类型 | 检测方式 | 追溯方式 | 追溯延迟 |
| 虚假信息广播 | RSU验证签名有效性 | 紧急追溯 | <100 ms |
| 拒绝服务攻击 | RSU流量监测 | 紧急追溯 | <50 ms |
| 身份伪造 | 签名验证失败 | 紧急追溯 | <150 ms |
| 消息篡改 | 哈希比对 | 紧急追溯 | <80 ms |
| 合谋攻击 | 关联分析 | 常规追溯 | 1~5 s |
表 2 各协议在身份认证过程中的计算开销Table 2 Computational costs of each scheme in the identity authentication process |
| 协议 | 智能车辆端 | RSU/ES端 |
| Wei等[31] | ||
| Yang等[32] | ||
| Namasudra等[33] | ||
| 本文 |
表 3 各协议在身份认证过程中的通信开销Table 3 Communication overhead of each scheme during the identity authentication process |
| 协议 | 智能车辆端 | RSU/ES端 |
| Wei等 | ||
| Yang等 | ||
| Namasudra等 | ||
| 本文 |
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