Distributed privacy-preserving biometric authentication scheme based on LWE encryption
Online published: 2026-01-04
Copyright
At present, biometric authentication systems generally adopt a server-centric centralized architecture, and users need to rely on the server to store and manage their biometric templates, which has a serious risk of privacy leakage. In order to improve the privacy protection ability, the researchers proposed a user-centered scheme, which stores and encrypts biometric data through local devices, which enhances user control, but is limited by device dependency, computing performance and scalability, and is difficult to support efficient authentication in multi-terminal or large-scale environments. The existing two types of solutions struggle to strike a balance between privacy, computational overhead, and system scalability. In order to solve the above problems, a distributed privacy-preserving biometric authentication framework integrating blockchain technology and lattice-based cryptography was proposed. The framework adopts a blockchain-driven multi-factor authentication architecture to realize the decentralized storage of biometric data and the verification mechanism controlled by smart contracts, and designs a Function-Hiding Inner Product Encryption (FHIPE) scheme based on the Learning With Errors (LWE) assumption. Experiments show that the LWE-FHIPE scheme is significantly better than the traditional method in terms of computing efficiency and communication overhead, and can provide an identity authentication solution with privacy protection, scalability and post-quantum security for the decentralized environment.
CAI Jun , JIN Mingxing , WANG Zihao , WANG Qiang , WU Yanping . Distributed privacy-preserving biometric authentication scheme based on LWE encryption[J]. Journal of Cybersecurity, 2025 , 3(4) : 53 -66 . DOI: 10.20172/j.issn.2097-3136.250405
表 1 不同方案的计算开销比较Table 1 Comparison of the computational cost of different scenarios |
| 方案 | 阶段 | 计算复杂度 | 运算时间 |
| Pairing-FHIPE | Setup | ||
| Keygen | |||
| Encrypt | |||
| Decrypt | |||
| LWE-FHIPE | Setup | ||
| Keygen | |||
| Encrypt | |||
| Decrypt |
表 2 两种方案的存储和通信开销Table 2 Storage and communication overhead of the two schemes |
| 方案 | 通信开销 | 存储开销 | ||||
| 初始化 | 注册 | 认证 | 终端 | 区块链 | ||
| Pairing-FHIPE | 8.48 KB | 36.06 KB | 68.06 KB | 8.01 MB | 96.00 m+8.48 KB | |
| LWE-FHIPE | 0.39 KB | 12.03 KB | 12.12 KB | 12.00 MB | 24.00 m+0.39 KB | |
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