无人机赋能的智能网联汽车边缘计算卸载
网络出版日期: 2025-03-19
基金资助
国家自然科学基金(62472083);南京邮电大学引进人才自然科学研究启动基金(NY223136)
版权
UAV-empowered edge computing offloading for internet of connected vehicles
Online published: 2025-03-19
Copyright
移动网络的飞速发展为诸多领域创造了崭新的发展机遇。移动边缘计算(Mobile Edge Computing,MEC)也借此迎来新的发展,其因独特优势在智慧城市车联网领域中得到了广泛应用。车载用户的激增造成网络信道资源短缺、时延过长、能耗过大等问题,从而导致数据传输效率大幅降低。因此,提出了一种基于无人机(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle,UAV)赋能的车联网任务卸载机制。将语义通信(Semantic Communication)与多址接入结合,允许多个车载用户同时接入网络,提取语义信息上传至无人机,从而提升数据传输的有效性。同时,引入博弈激励机制来提升各参与方的效用。仿真结果表明,相较于传统基线方案,本文提出的方法能显著提升系统的整体效用。
李鑫 , 代明慧 , 王毅轩 , 常姗 , 王添顺 . 无人机赋能的智能网联汽车边缘计算卸载[J]. 网络空间安全科学学报, 2025 , 3(1) : 52 -61 . DOI: 10.20172/j.issn.2097-3136.250105
The rapid development of mobile network has created new development opportunities for many fields. Mobile edge computing (MEC) has attracted much attention on its widespread applications in the smart city vehicular networks due to its unique advantages. However, the increasing number of vehicular users has led to several challenges, such as network channel resource shortage, high latency, and excessive energy consumption, significantly reducing the data transmission efficiency. Therefore, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-empowered task offloading scheme was proposed for the smart city vehicular networks. By integrating the semantic communication with multiple access, multiple vehicular users could simultaneously access the network and extract semantic information for uploading to UAV, thereby enhancing the data transmission efficiency. At the same time, the game incentive mechanism was introduced to enhance the effectiveness of each participant. The simulation results showed that compared with the traditional baseline scheme, the proposed scheme could significantly improve the overall utility of the system.
图 1 无人机赋能的智能网联汽车卸载模型图Fig.1 System model of UAV empowered computing offloading for internet of vehicles |
表 1 本文中使用的重要符号Table 1 Important notations used in this paper |
| 符号 | 定义 |
| 智能网联汽车 | |
| 智能网联汽车 | |
| 智能网联汽车 | |
| 智能网联汽车 | |
| 无人机计算任务的速率 | |
| 语义信息缩放指数 | |
| 满意度归一化参数 | |
| 智能网联汽车 | |
| 智能网联汽车 | |
| 智能网联汽车 | |
| 智能网联汽车 | |
| 智能网联汽车 | |
| 智能网联汽车 | |
| 智能网联汽车 | |
| 智能网联汽车 | |
| 智能网联汽车 |
图 2 无人机赋能的智能网联汽车计算卸载仿真场景图Fig.2 Simulation scenario of UAV empowered computing offloading for internet of vehicles |
表 2 仿真中使用的参数信息Table 2 Parameters used in our simulations |
| 参数配置 | 参数取值 |
| 无人机处理单位比特数据的CPU周期数 | 1.4×106 cycles |
| 无人机的功耗因子系数 | 1×10−23 |
| 智能网联汽车的功耗因子系数 | 4×10−18 |
| 满意度平衡参数 | 0.5 |
| 无人机计算任务的速率 | 1×108 cycles/s |
| 语义信息缩放指数 | 0.7 |
| 满意度归一化参数 | 25 |
| 语义信道带宽 | 1 MHz |
| 高斯白噪声 | 1×10−9 dBm |
| 语义信息上传时间 | 0.6 s |
| 算法1:最优定价算法 |
| 1)输入:用于更新 2)输出: 3)初始化:将 4)当| 5) 计算当前中间点: 6) 计算左区间中间点: 7) 计算右区间中间点: 8) 计算各中点对应的函数值 9) 如果 10) 11) 否则 12) 13)结束循环。 14)返回结果:循环结束后,通过取最终区间的中点得到最大值点 |
| 1 |
ZHAO L, ZHAO Z, ZHANG E, et al. A digital twin-assisted intelligent partial offloading approach for vehicular edge computing[J]. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2023, 41 (11): 3386- 3400.
|
| 2 |
JIA Y, ZHANG C, HUANG Y, et al. Lyapunov optimization based mobile edge computing for internet of vehicles systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2022, 70 (11): 7418- 7433.
|
| 3 |
HE L, WEN M, CHEN Y, et al. Delay aware secure offloading for NOMA-assisted mobile edge computing in internet of vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2022, 70 (8): 5271- 5284.
|
| 4 |
DE SOUZA A B,REGO P A L,ROCHA P H G,et al. A task offloading scheme for wave vehicular clouds and 5G mobile edge computing[C]//GLOBECOM 2020-2020 IEEE Global Communications Conference. IEEE,2020:1-6.
|
| 5 |
YAN M, XIONG R, WANG Y, et al. Edge computing task offloading optimization for a UAV-assisted internet of vehicles via deep reinforcement learning[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2023, 73 (4): 5647- 5658.
|
| 6 |
ZHANG H, FENG L, LIU X, et al. User scheduling and task offloading in multi-tier computing 6G vehicular network[J]. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2022, 41 (2): 446- 456.
|
| 7 |
MU X,LIU Y. Exploiting semantic communication for non-orthogonal multiple access[J]. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,2023,41(8):2563-2576.
|
| 8 |
YU W,ZHAO J. Semantic communications,semantic edge computing,and semantic caching with applications to the metaverse and 6G mobile networks[C]//2023 IEEE 43rd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS). IEEE,2023:983-984.
|
| 9 |
LIN L, XU W, WANG F, et al. Channel-transferable semantic communications for multi-user OFDM-NOMA systems[J]. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 2023, 13 (3): 721- 725.
|
| 10 |
MU X,LIU Y,POPOVSKI P,et al. Opportunistic semantic and bit communications in uplink noma[C]//ICC 2023-IEEE International Conference on Communications. IEEE,2023:704-709.
|
| 11 |
CANG Y, CHEN M, PAN Y, et al. Joint user scheduling and computing resource allocation optimization in asynchronous mobile edge computing networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2024, 72 (6): 3378- 3392.
|
| 12 |
DAI M, SU Z, XU Q, et al. Vehicle assisted computing offloading for unmanned aerial vehicles in smart city[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2021, 22 (3): 1932- 1944.
|
| 13 |
ZHAO Y,LIU C,HU X,et al. Joint content caching,service placement and task offloading in UAV-enabled mobile edge computing networks[J]. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,2025,43(1):51-63.
|
| 14 |
余雪勇, 邱礼翔, 宋家宁, 等. 无人机辅助边缘计算中安全通信与能效优化策略[J]. 通信学报, 2023, 44 (3): 45- 54.
YU X Y, QIU L X, SONG J N, et al. Security communication and energy efficiency optimization strategy in UAV-aided edge computing[J]. Journal on Communications, 2023, 44 (3): 45- 54.
|
| 15 |
刘传宏, 郭彩丽, 杨洋, 等. 人工智能物联网中面向智能任务的语义通信方法[J]. 通信学报, 2021, 42 (11): 97- 108.
LIU C H, GUO C L, YANG Y, et al. Intelligent task-oriented semantic communication method in artificial intelligence of things[J]. Journal on Communications, 2021, 42 (11): 97- 108.
|
| 16 |
ZHENG Y,WANG F,XU W,et al. Semantic communications with explicit semantic base for image transmission[C]//GLOBECOM 2023-2023 IEEE Global Communications Conference. IEEE,2023:4497-4502.
|
| 17 |
NGUYEN L X, TUN Y L, TUN Y K, et al. Swin transformer-based dynamic semantic communication for multi-user with different computing capacity[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2024, 73 (6): 8957- 8972.
|
| 18 |
SU Z, DAI M, XU Q, et al. UAV enabled content distribution for internet of connected vehicles in 5G heterogeneous networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2021, 22 (8): 5091- 5102.
|
| 19 |
亓晋, 孙海蓉, 巩锟, 等. 移动边缘计算中基于信誉值的智能计算卸载模型研究[J]. 通信学报, 2020, 41 (7): 141- 151.
QI J, SUN H R, GONG K, et al. Research on intelligent computing offloading model based on reputation value in mobile edge computing[J]. Journal on Communications, 2020, 41 (7): 141- 151.
|
| 20 |
XIAO L, LU X, XU T, et al. Reinforcement learning-based mobile offloading for edge computing against jamming and interference[J]. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2020, 68 (10): 6114- 6126.
|
| 21 |
PHAM X Q, HUYNH-THE T, HUH E N, et al. Partial computation offloading in parked vehicle-assisted multi-access edge computing: A game-theoretic approach[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2022, 71 (9): 10220- 10225.
|
| 22 |
GAO H, WANG X, WEI W, et al. Com-DDPG: Task offloading based on multiagent reinforcement learning for information-communication-enhanced mobile edge computing in the internet of vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2023, 73 (1): 348- 361.
|
| 23 |
DAI M, HUANG N, WU Y, et al. Unmanned-aerial-vehicle-assisted wireless networks: Advancements, challenges, and solutions[J]. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2022, 10 (5): 4117- 4147.
|
| 24 |
DAI M, LUAN T H, SU Z, et al. Joint channel allocation and data delivery for UAV-assisted cooperative transportation communications in post-disaster networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2022, 23 (9): 16676- 16689.
|
| 25 |
DENG Y, CHEN Z, CHEN X, et al. Task offloading in multi-hop relay-aided multi-access edge computing[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2022, 72 (1): 1372- 1376.
|
| 26 |
张平, 牛凯, 姚圣时, 等. 面向未来的语义通信: 基本原理与实现方法[J]. 通信学报, 2023, 44 (5): 1- 14.
ZHANG P, NIU K, YAO S S, et al. Semantic communications for future: basic principle and implementation methodology[J]. Journal on Communications, 2023, 44 (5): 1- 14.
|
| 27 |
龙隆, 刘子辰, 陆在旺, 等. 移动边缘网络下服务缓存与资源分配联合优化策略[J]. 通信学报, 2023, 44 (1): 64- 74.
LONG L, LIU Z C, LU Z W, et al. Joint optimization strategy of service cache and resource allocation in mobile edge network[J]. Journal on Communications, 2023, 44 (1): 64- 74.
|
| 28 |
张海君, 张资政, 隆克平. 基于移动边缘计算的NOMA异构网络资源分配[J]. 通信学报, 2020, 41 (4): 27- 33.
ZHANG H J, ZHANG Z Z, LONG K P. Resource allocation in NOMA heterogeneous network based on MEC[J]. Journal on Communications, 2020, 41 (4): 27- 33.
|
| 29 |
ALAMEDDINE H A, SHARAFEDDINE S, SEBBAH S, et al. Dynamic task offloading and scheduling for low-latency IoT services in multi-access edge computing[J]. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2019, 37 (3): 668- 682.
|
| 30 |
YANG T, GAO S, LI J, et al. Multi-armed bandits learning for task offloading in maritime edge intelligence networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2022, 71 (4): 4212- 4224.
|
| 31 |
HUANG W,GUO H,LIU J. Task offloading in UAV swarm-based edge computing:Grouping and role division[C]//GLOBECOM 2021-2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference IEEE,2021:1-6.
|
| 32 |
YANG Z, BI S, ZHANG Y J A. Dynamic offloading and trajectory control for UAV-enabled mobile edge computing system with energy harvesting devices[J]. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2022, 21 (12): 10515- 10528.
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |