物联网威胁情报知识图谱综述
网络出版日期: 2024-07-08
基金资助
国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3104103)
版权
A survey of IoT threat intelligence knowledge graph
Online published: 2024-07-08
Copyright
物联网(Internet of Things,IoT)技术的快速发展带来了巨大的市场潜力,同时也带来了安全和隐私问题。传统的安全方法已不能应对新的网络威胁,威胁情报和安全态势感知等主动防御策略应运而生。知识图谱技术为解决威胁情报的提取、整合和分析提供了新的思路。首先回顾了物联网安全本体的构建,包括通用安全本体和特定领域安全本体。接着,梳理了威胁情报信息抽取的关键技术,包括基于规则匹配、统计学习和深度学习的方法。然后,探讨了物联网威胁情报知识图谱的构建框架,涉及数据源、信息抽取、本体构建等方面。最后,讨论了物联网威胁情报知识图谱的应用情景,并指出当前研究面临的挑战,展望了未来的研究方向。
李昌建 , 于晗 , 陈恺 , 赵晓娟 , 韩跃 , 李爱平 . 物联网威胁情报知识图谱综述[J]. 网络空间安全科学学报, 2024 , 2(2) : 18 -35 . DOI: 10.20172/j.issn.2097-3136.240202
The rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology has brought enormous market potential, but it has also brought about security and privacy issues. Traditional security methods are no longer sufficient to address emerging network threats. Proactive defense strategies, such as threat intelligence and security situational awareness, have emerged as effective alternatives. Knowledge graph technology offers innovative approaches for extracting, integrating, and analyzing threat intelligence. Firstly, the construction of IoT security ontology, including the general security ontology and domain-specific security ontology was reviewed. Next, the key technologies for extracting threat intelligence information were summarized, including methods based on rule matching, statistical learning, and deep learning. Then the construction framework of the IoT threat intelligence knowledge graph was explared, which included data sources, information extraction, ontology construction, and other aspects. Finally, the application scenarios of the IoT threat intelligence knowledge graph were discussed, the current research challenges were highlighted , and the future research directions were anticipated.
表 1 威胁情报信息抽取方法Table 1 Methods of threat intelligence information extraction |
| 类型 | 引用 | 方法描述 | NRE | RE | 数据类型 |
| 基于规则匹配的方法 | Reiss等[68] | 基于代数的方法优化的正则表达式 | √ | √ | 2,3 |
| Soderland[69] | 基于可学习的正则表达式 | √ | 1,2,3 | ||
| Sari等[70] | 基于规则和半监督学习的正则表达式 | √ | 3 | ||
| Li等[71] | 自动化构造正则表达式 | √ | √ | 2,3 | |
| 基于统计学习的方法 | Mooney等[76] | 基于子序列核的SVM | √ | 3 | |
| Bikel等[77] | 基于隐马尔可夫模型 | √ | 3 | ||
| Joshi等[78] | 基于条件随机场模型 | √ | √ | 2 | |
| Lal[79] | 基于条件随机场的序列模型 | √ | 3 | ||
| Bunescu等[81] | 基于依赖图的最短路径训练最短核SVM | √ | 3 | ||
| Nguyen等[82] | 结合句法树和序列核的SVM | √ | 3 | ||
| Reichartz等[83] | 语法解析树核和依赖解析树核的组合SVM | √ | 3 | ||
| 基于深度学习的方法 | Guo等[87] | BERT+BiGRU+Attention+BiGRU+CRF | √ | √ | 3 |
| Sarhan等[89] | ELMo+BiGRU+FNN(Relu)+softmax | √ | √ | 3 | |
| Lu等[95] | 基于LLMs的通用信息抽取框架 | √ | √ | 3 | |
| Lou等[96] | 基于LLMs的统一的语义匹配方法 | √ | √ | 3 | |
| Wang等[97] | 在UIE的基础上进行指令调整 | √ | √ | 3 |
注:√表示该方法适用;1表示结构化数据;2表示半结构化数据;3表示非结构化数据。 |
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