基于强化学习的无人机轻量化身份认证方法
网络出版日期: 2026-01-04
基金资助
江苏省重点研发计划(产业前瞻与关键核心技术)项目(BE2022068,BE2022068-1);国家自然科学基金(62202222);江苏省自然科学基金青年基金(BK20220880)
版权
Lightweight authentication approach for unmanned aerial vehicles based on reinforcement learning
Online published: 2026-01-04
Supported by
Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program under Grant BE2022068 and Grant BE2022068-1; National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62202222; National Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province under Grant BK20220880
Copyright
无人机网络具有高动态性和开放空域通信环境等特点,极易遭受重放攻击,导致非法接入甚至隐私泄露等严重后果。传统身份认证机制依赖固定身份标识且开销较大,难以适应资源受限且高动态的无人机网络环境,无法满足低开销与高安全认证的双重需求。为此,提出了一种基于强化学习的无人机轻量化身份认证方法,可以高效防御重放攻击,并降低身份认证开销。首先,所提方法基于无人机的实时位置信息,构建Remote ID作为身份标识,利用椭圆曲线加密技术实现了对未知无人机的身份认证。其次,设计了一种风险感知强化学习算法,实现了自适应优化认证策略,包括认证消息的加密策略和会话持续时间,并实现了低开销与高安全认证。该算法综合考虑资源限制和业务需求,构建惩罚函数来评估所选认证策略的短期风险,用于指导算法策略的选取,规避探索导致认证失败的策略。在此基础上,该算法设计了一个分层架构压缩策略维度,从而提升认证策略的优化效率,适应无人机的高动态特点。实验结果表明,所提方法相较于传统方法有效降低了认证时延、能耗和攻击成功率。
刘子涵 , 贾玲如 , 卢晓珍 , 吴启晖 . 基于强化学习的无人机轻量化身份认证方法[J]. 网络空间安全科学学报, 2025 , 3(4) : 16 -28 . DOI: 10.20172/j.issn.2097-3136.250402
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks with such characteristics as high dynamics and open airspace communication environment are highly vulnerable to replay attacks, resulting in serious consequences such as illegal access and even privacy leakage. The traditional authentication mechanisms rely on fixed identity identifiers and have a large overhead, which is difficult to adapt to the resource-constrained and highly dynamic UAV network environment, and to satisfy the dual requirements of low overhead and high security authentication. To this end, a lightweight authentication approach for UAVs based on reinforcement learning was proposed, which could efficiently defend against the replay attacks and reduce the overhead of authentication. Firstly, the constructed constructs the Remote ID as the identity identifier based on the real-time location information of UAVs, and used the elliptic curve encryption technology to achieve identity authentication for unknown UAVs. Secondly, a risk-aware RL algorithm was designed to achieve adaptive optimization of the authentication policy, including the encryption strategy of the authentication message and the session duration, and to achieve the low-overhead and high-security authentication. Comprehensively considering resource limitations and tasks requirements, the algorithm constructed a punishment function to evaluate the short-term risks of the selected authentication policy, further guiding the selection of algorithm policies and avoiding exploring policies that could cause authentication failure. On this basis, the algorithm designed a hierarchical architecture to compress the policy dimension, thereby improving the optimization efficiency of the authentication policy and adapting to the high dynamic characteristics of UAVs. Experimental results showed that the proposed approach effectively reduced the authentication latency, the energy consumption the and attack success rate compared with the traditional methods.
表 1 基于强化学习的无人机轻量化身份认证方法的伪代码Table 1 Pseudo-code of lightweight authentication method for UAVs based on RL |
| 算法1 基于强化学习的无人机轻量化身份认证方法 |
| 初始化:N, M, K, |
| 1)For |
| 2) For |
| 3) For |
| 4) 获得无人机i的身份认证请求以及Remote ID |
| 5) 通过式(9)构建状态 |
| 6) 通过式(12)选择无人机身份认证策略 |
| 7) 地面基站m与无人机i进行身份认证 |
| 8) 通过式(5)计算消息保护等级 |
| 9) 通过式(7)计算攻击成功率 |
| 10) 通过式(10)计算短期风险 |
| 11) 通过式(11)计算奖励 |
| 12) |
| 13) 估计状态值 |
| 14) 通过式(13)计算优势函数 |
| 15) 通过式(14)和式(15)更新网络权重参数 |
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