星地融合网络身份认证技术综述
网络出版日期: 2026-01-04
基金资助
北京市自然科学基金面上项目(4252009);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2023RC69)
版权
Satellite-terrestrial integrated network identity authentication technology:A survey
Online published: 2026-01-04
Copyright
星地融合网络是融合卫星通信与地面通信的下一代信息基础设施,其开放性、动态性与异构性在显著增强通信能力的同时,也带来了更为严峻的身份认证挑战。面向固定拓扑结构的传统认证机制难以适应星地融合环境下异构节点、高速动态切换及复杂时空状态带来的认证需求。针对星地融合网络中常见的攻击威胁,首先探讨了星间组网和星地接入认证的挑战。然后,系统综述了星地融合网络身份认证的关键技术路径,重点分析了物理层认证技术、密码学认证技术、融合认证技术以及智能辅助认证技术的研究现状。最后,深入探讨了当前星地融合网络身份认证技术的不同实现方式,并进行了综合对比,提出了多元协同认证机制未来的研究方向,为推动星地融合网络的安全可信通信提供了理论支持与技术参考。
王晨宇 , 刘萱 , 陶小峰 , 王胜烽 . 星地融合网络身份认证技术综述[J]. 网络空间安全科学学报, 2025 , 3(4) : 2 -15 . DOI: 10.20172/j.issn.2097-3136.250401
The satellite-terrestrial integrated network is the next-generation information infrastructure that integrates satellite communications and ground communications. Its openness, dynamism and heterogeneity significantly enhance communication capabilities but also bring more severe challenges to identity authentication. Traditional authentication mechanisms for fixed topology structures are difficult to adapt to the authentication requirements brought by heterogeneous nodes, high-speed dynamic switching and complex spatiotemporal states in the satellite-ground fusion environment. Aiming at the common attack threats in the satellite-ground fusion network, the challenges of inter-satellite networking and satellite-ground access authentication were discussed firstly. Then, the key technical paths of the identity authentication in the satellite-ground fusion network were systematically reviewed, focusing on the current research status of physical layer authentication technology, cryptographic authentication technology, fusion authentication technology and intelligent assisted authentication technology. Finally, the different implementation methods of current satellite-ground integrated network identity authentication technology were summarized in depth, and future research directions, including multi-factor collaborative authentication mechanism, were proposed to provide theoretical support and technical reference for promoting secure and trusted communications in the satellite-ground fusion network.
表 1 星地融合网络身份认证技术对比总结Table 1 Comparison summary of identity authentication technologies in satellite-terrestrial integrated networks |
| 文献 | 认证场景 | 认证技术 | 技术挑战 | 安全分析手段 |
| [14] | 物理层认证 | 射频指纹识别 | 区分发射机电子组件的固有特性和影响通信链路的环境效应 | — |
| [15] | 物理层认证 | 射频指纹识别 | — | — |
| [16] | 物理层认证 | 射频指纹识别 | — | 在线执行重放攻击评估 |
| [17] | 端到端的认证协议 | 基于IKE协议 | 协商机制复杂,时间空间 开销大 | — |
| [18] | 双向认证协议 | 基于ELGamal数字签名 | 认证效率低,认证过程复杂 | 形式化安全证明 |
| [19] | 认证和密钥交换协议 | 基于身份的加密技术 | 密钥生成和管理困难 | 形式化安全证明 |
| [20] | 端到端的认证协议 | 基于椭圆曲线密码 | 认证效率低,认证时间长 | 非形式化安全分析 |
| [21] | 接入和切换认证协议 | 基于组密钥共享机制 | 星地传输延迟大 | 形式化安全证明 |
| [22] | 认证和密钥交换协议 | 基于椭圆曲线密码 | 认证延迟高,计算开销大 | 形式化安全证明 非形式化安全分析 |
| [23] | 群组通信的源认证协议 | 基于对称密钥证书 | 接收者可以认证消息的同时, 不会大量消耗系统资源 | 非形式化安全分析 |
| [24] | 低轨星座组网认证与群组密钥协商协议 | 基于群组的密钥协商技术 | 低轨星座组网,现有的认证协议不够安全 | 非形式化安全分析 |
| [25] | GEO卫星组网认证协议 | 基于对称密钥体制 | GEO卫星对LEO卫星的可信保持,降低卫星计算压力 | — |
| [26] | 低轨星座组网认证与群组密钥协商协议 | 基于群组的密钥协商技术 | 单颗卫星被攻击的情况下,其他卫星密钥泄露 | — |
| [27] | 轻量级组密钥协商协议与切换认证方案 | 基于 | 卫星节点频繁切换, 计算开销大 | 非形式化安全分析 BAN逻辑 |
| [28] | 星间和星地组网的实体身份认证协议 | 基于对称密码体制 | 星地传输时延较大,链路高度暴露,星上处理能力有限以及星间拓扑结构动态时变 | 非形式化安全分析 Scyther工具 |
| [29] | 周期性k次匿名认证的空间信息网络安全通信协议 | 基于密钥验证匿名凭证 基于知识签名技术 | 多个LEO之间高效且隐私保护的认证移交 | 非形式化安全分析 |
| [35] | 联合物理层与高层 的对称加密协议 | 基于量子LPDC格技术 | 在不增加计算成本或硬件复杂性的情况下增强安全性 | 可证明安全分析 |
| [36] | 卫星数据传输安全跨层 加密协议 | 基于CFB-AES-TURBO体制 | 雪崩效应使得加密技术容易受到无线信道中比特错误的影响 | 穷举攻击和中间相遇攻击分析 |
| [37-38] | GNSS信号欺骗检测 | 基于监督的机器学习方法 | GNSS开放服务信号容易受到 欺骗和欺骗 | — |
表 2 星地融合网络身份认证技术满足的安全性质Table 2 Security properties fulfilled by identity authentication technologies in satellite-terrestrial integrated networks |
| 攻击类型 | 抗欺骗攻击 | 抗消息重放攻击 | 防止抵赖 | 抗伪造攻击 | 抗仿冒攻击 | 抗未知密钥共享攻击 | 前向安全性/后向安全 | 双向认证性 | 用户匿名性和不可链接性 | 抗DDos攻击 | 抗窃听攻击 | 抗中间人攻击 | 抗设备物理捕获攻击 | 抗量子攻击 | 抗差分攻击等线性攻击 | 抗干扰攻击 |
| [14-16,43] | √ | √ | ||||||||||||||
| [18] | √ | √ | ||||||||||||||
| [19] | √ | |||||||||||||||
| [20] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||||||||||
| [21] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||||||||||
| [22] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||
| [24] | √ | √ | ||||||||||||||
| [27] | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||||
| [28] | √ | √ | √ | |||||||||||||
| [29] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||
| [32,34] | √ | √ | √ | |||||||||||||
| [35,48-50] | √ | |||||||||||||||
| [36] | √ | √ | ||||||||||||||
| [37-40] | √ | √ | ||||||||||||||
| [51] | √ | √ |
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