支持审计的隐私保护支付通道集线器方案
收稿日期: 2025-03-20
网络出版日期: 2025-07-18
基金资助
国家自然科学基金专项(12441101);国家自然科学基金(62272348,62372108,62425205)
版权
A scheme of auditable privacy-preserving payment channel hubs
Received date: 2025-03-20
Online published: 2025-07-18
Copyright
支付通道集线器作为解决区块链可扩展性问题的关键技术,允许交易双方通过集线器在链下执行中继交易,将最终状态提交至区块链确认,从而有效提升交易吞吐量。现有研究主要关注交易的原子性、交易关系的隐私性和交易金额的灵活性。交易关系的不可链接虽能保障用户隐私,但增加了交易审计的难度,对合规监管提出了挑战。如何实现交易关系对不可信集线器隐藏而向审计者公开,仍是亟待解决的关键问题。提出了AuditAccio方案,通过构造支持有限链接的可更新承诺上的可随机化签名,在保障原子性、隐私性和灵活性的同时实现了交易可审计。安全分析表明,方案满足形式化安全要求。实验结果表明,方案的计算开销较Li等(TIFS 2024)提出的AuditPCH方案降低了99.9%,通信开销降低了69.8%。
赵路路 , 宁建廷 , 罗敏 , 刘芹 . 支持审计的隐私保护支付通道集线器方案[J]. 网络空间安全科学学报, 2025 , 3(2) : 96 -109 . DOI: 10.20172/j.issn.2097-3136.250209
Payment channel hubs are key technologies for addressing the scalability problem of blockchain. Both parties conduct off-chain relay transactions through the hub, and submit the final state to the blockchain for confirmation, thus effectively improving the transaction throughput. Existing research mainly focuses on the atomicity, privacy and flexibility of transactions. Although the unlinkability of sender-receiver relationships can protect user privacy, it increases the difficulty of auditing and poses challenges to compliance supervision. How to hide payment relationships from the untrusted hubs while revealing them to auditors is still a key issue that needs to be solved urgently. The AuditAccio scheme was proposed, which achieved the payment auditability while ensuring atomicity, privacy, and flexibility by constructing a linkable and randomizable signature of updatable commitments. Security analysis showed that AuditAccio met the security requirements. Experimental results demonstrated that AuditAccio reduced the computational overhead by 99.9% and the communication overhead by 69.8% compared to AuditPCH proposed by Li et al (TIFS 2024).
Key words: blockchain; scalability; payment channel hub; privacy-preserving; payment audit
表 1 PCH方案功能对比Table 1 Comparison of PCH scheme functionality |
| 方案 | 原子性 | 隐私性 | 匿名集合大小* | 金额灵活性 | 可审计性 |
| A2L[[22] | |||||
| BlindHub[[15] | |||||
| Accio[[18] | |||||
| AuditPCH[[26] | |||||
| 本方案 |
* |
表 2 AuditAccio方案的链上消耗(Gas)Table 2 On-chain costs (Gas) of AuditAccio scheme |
| 通道角色 | 开启 | 发送方关闭 | 接收方关闭 | |
| 响应 | 超时 | |||
| 发送方 | 49 393 | 43 978 | 76 687 | 0 |
| 接收方 | 0 | 691 192/702 667* | 0 | 694 894/706 320* |
*斜线前后分别为响应的通道状态不合法和合法时的消耗。 |
表 3 Accio方案的链上消耗(Gas)Table 3 On-chain costs (Gas) of Accio scheme |
| 通道角色 | 开启 | 发送方关闭 | 接收方关闭 | |
| 响应 | 超时 | |||
| 发送方 | 49 393 | 43 978 | 76 687 | 0 |
| 接收方 | 0 | 518 134/529 609* | 0 | 521 732/533 329* |
*斜线前后分别为响应的通道状态不合法和合法时的消耗。 |
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