基于隐私保护无监督学习的区块链算力回收共识机制
网络出版日期: 2025-07-18
基金资助
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB2701400);国家自然科学基金(62132005, 62172162, 62172161)
版权
Proof of privacy-preserving machine learning: a blockchain consensus mechanism with secure unsupervised learning process
Online published: 2025-07-18
Supported by
The National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFB2701400) (The National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62132005, 62172162, 62172161)
Copyright
作为应用最广泛的区块链共识机制,工作量证明(Proof of Work,PoW)除了用于确定矿工的账本记账权外,没有其他实用价值,造成大量算力资源的浪费。人工智能作为一种新兴技术,可以模仿人类的智能特征,如学习、推理、图像识别、语言理解。机器学习是实现人工智能的一种重要方法,通过学习历史数据来改进和优化算法模型以完成特定任务,无监督学习作为机器学习的一个重要分支,可以从未标注数据中发现隐藏的结构和模式。为了解决PoW的算力资源浪费问题,针对无监督学习场景,提出了一种基于隐私保护无监督学习的区块链算力回收共识算法。在这一方案中,区块链系统的矿工和全节点都基于密文数据集完成聚类分析以及聚类结果验证,除了任务请求者以外,系统其余节点和服务器无法解密出原始的明文数据集。为了提高基于密文的聚类算法的效率,引入基于非公钥的同态加密方案,并设计出对应的密文计算方案。与明文方案的实验结果对比表明,隐私保护聚类分析结果和明文结果仅存在可以忽略的精度损失,聚类评估分数非常相近。不仅有效解决了矿工算力回收的问题,同时保证了数据集的安全性以及聚类结果的可靠性。
何汇林 , 沈佳辰 , 曹珍富 , 董晓蕾 . 基于隐私保护无监督学习的区块链算力回收共识机制[J]. 网络空间安全科学学报, 2025 , 3(2) : 59 -69 . DOI: 10.20172/j.issn.2097-3136.250206
As the most popular blockchain consensus mechanism, proof of work (PoW) has no practical value other than determining miners' ledger accounting rights, wasting a lot of computing resources. Artificial intelligence, as an emerging technology, can mimic human intelligence features such as learning, reasoning, image recognition, and language understanding. Machine learning is an important method for achieving artificial intelligence by learning historical data to improve and optimize algorithm models so as to complete specific tasks. Unsupervised learning, as an important branch of machine learning, can discover hidden structures and patterns from unlabeled data. A blockchain energy-recycling consensus algorithm based on privacy preserving unsupervised learning was proposed to address the issue of wasted computing resources in PoW. In this scheme, miners and all nodes in the blockchain system performed clustering analysis and verification of clustering results based on the ciphertext dataset. Except the task requester, other nodes and servers in the system were unable to decrypt the original plaintext dataset. In order to improve the efficiency of clustering algorithm based ciphertext, a homomorphic encryption scheme without utilizing the public key was introduced, and a corresponding ciphertext calculation scheme was designed. The comparison of experimental results between this scheme and the plaintext scheme showed that there was only a negligible loss of accuracy between the privacy preserving clustering analysis results and the plaintext results with very similar clustering evaluation scores. This solution not only effectively solves the problem of mining power recovery, but also ensures the security of the dataset and the reliability of clustering results.
Key words: blockchain; consensus mechanism; unsupervised learning; privacy-preserving
| 算法 1:挖矿过程 |
输入:taskId任务id输出:B区块步骤: 1) 根据 2)输入 3)每轮迭代时,对于每个数据点 4)从 5)利用基于密文的均值计算方法,更新每个聚类的中心点为 6)迭代结束,根据任务信息提供的聚类评估算法,对聚类集合 |
| 算法2:验证过程 |
输入: 2)从 3)比较 |
图 5 鸢尾花数据集上的k-Means聚类结果(明文)Fig.5 k-Means clustering results on Iris dataset (plaintext) |
图 6 鸢尾花数据集上的k-Means聚类结果(PPPUL)Fig.6 k-Means clustering results on Iris dataset (PPPUL) |
表 1 聚类评估分数Table 1 Clustering evaluation score |
| 方案 | 评估方法 | ||
| DBI | RI | SC | |
| PPPUL | |||
| 明文 | |||
表 2 聚类评估时间Table 2 Clustering evaluation time |
| 方法 | DBI | RI | SC |
| 时间 / s | 0.006 | 0.009 | 1.872 |
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